Bad Stuff Left out of Java

• No pointers
  • Well, no manitpulating pointers, e.g. no pointer arithmatic
  • Implicit pointers, but no pointer operations

    Point p; // definition of "pointer", p ... p = new Point; // instantiation (new) of object

  • All arguments are passed by value.
  • No anonymous memory references
• No structures or unions
  • Definable types are implemented as classes.
  • The natural style to carry methods with types.
    • In C, this is less natural.
    • You put a pointer to a routine in a structure.
    • It takes effort to keep methods with types.
• Strings are not character arrays.
  • Strings are first class objects.
  • No messing with strings
• No goto
  • Multi loop break allowed by: break <label>.
• No global variables
  • Access control for variables and methods
    • public: available to any other class
    • protected: available only to current class and subclasses
    • private: available only within class
    • friendly (default): available within package
  • "public" is sort of global, but is identified by object.
• No compiler directives, e.g. no #define
• No automatic coercions
  • Strongly typed